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Origin of the Eucharist
(詳細はCatechism of the Catholic Church, "The institution of the Eucharist" )〕〔(John Anthony McGuckin, ''The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity'' (Wiley-Blackwell 2011 ISBN 978-1-4051-8539-4), Eucharist article by MC Steenberg vol. 1, p. 231 )〕〔(Colin Buchanan, ''The A to Z of Anglicanism'' (Scarecrow Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-8108-6842-7), p. 107 )〕 places the origin of the Eucharist in the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples, at which he is believed to have taken bread and given it to his disciples, telling them to eat of it, because it was his body, and to have taken a cup and given it to his disciples, telling them to drink of it because it was the cup of the covenant in his blood.〔(Enrico Mazza, ''Celebration of the Eucharist: The Origin of the Rite and the Development of Its Interpretation'' (Liturgical Press 1999 ISBN 978-0-8146-6170-3), p. 19 ) Quotation concerning the origin: "The Christian Eucharist has its origin in the Last Supper. There, Jesus took bread, blessed God, broke the bread, and gave it to his disciples, telling them to take it and eat of it, because it was his body. In the same way, after they had eaten, he took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to his disciples, telling them all to take it and drink of it, because it was the cup of the covenant in his blood. At the end he said: "Do this in remembrance of me."〕
The earliest extant written account of a Christian ''eucharistia'' (Greek: thanksgiving) is that in the First Epistle to the Corinthians (around AD 55),〔. See also First Epistle to the Corinthians#Time and Place〕 in which Paul the Apostle relates "eating the bread and drinking the cup of the Lord" in the celebration of a "Supper of the Lord" to the Last Supper of Jesus some 25 years earlier. Paul considers that in celebrating the rite they were fulfilling a mandate to do so.〔(Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. Eucharist )〕 The Acts of the Apostles presents the early Christians as meeting for “the breaking of bread” as some sort of ceremony.
Writing around the middle of the second century, Justin Martyr gives the oldest description of something that can be recognised as the rite that is in use today. Earlier sources, the ''Didache'', ''1 Clement'' and Ignatius of Antioch provide glimpses of the what Christians were doing in their eucharists. Later sources, Tertullian and the ''Apostolic Tradition'', offer some details from around the year 200. Once the Church "went public" after the conversion of Constantine the Great in the second decade of the fourth century, it was clear that the Eucharist was established as a central part of Christian life.〔
Contemporary scholars debate whether Jesus meant to institute a ritual at his Last Supper;〔Crossan, John Dominic, ''The Historical Jesus'', pp 360-367〕 whether the Last Supper was an actual historical event in any way related to the undisputed early "Lord's Supper" or "Eucharist".〔Bradshaw, Paul, 'Eucharistic Origins'' (London, SPCK, 2004) ISBN 0-281-05615-3, p. 10.〕 and have asked if the Eucharist had its origins in a pagan context, where dinners to memorialize the dead were common.
==New Testament accounts==
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